Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan : Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

FACTORS CORRELATED WITH THE LENGTH OF STAY OF PATIENTS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITAL A, EAST JAVA

Yuddy Imowanto — 2025-01-20

The issue of overcrowding in the Emergency Department (ED) has not been resolved in Indonesia, which can be caused by prolonged Length of Stay (LOS) of patients in the ED, resulting in delayed service time and increased mortality rates in the ED. Methods: This research is quantitative research using primary data. The research design used observational analytics with a prospective cohort approach with a sample size of 62 patients. Research Findings: Triage, length of diagnostic testing, the number of patients in the ED at the time the patient arrives, and the nurse-to-patient ratio do not have a significant correlation with ED LOS. There is a significant correlation between Boarding Time and ED LOS (p<0.001) with strong correlation strength (0.77). Conclusions: There is a strong positive linear correlation between Boarding Time and the length of time patients stay in the ED (p<0.001) with strong correlation strength (0.77) and is a dominant factor with a capacity of 58.6% to explain patient’s ED LOS.

THE ROLE OF BRAF V600E IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THYROID CANCER PHENOTYPE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Pratia Mega — 2025-01-20

BRAF V600E mutation in thyroid cancer is of major concern because it is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness through the MAPK pathway activation that affects phenotypic characteristics such as morphology and tissue invasion patterns. The results of studies on the effects of this mutation often vary and are influenced by differences in study design and detection methods. This systematic review aims to clarify the relationship between BRAF V600E and phenotypic characteristics of PTC, as well as identify its clinical implications. This study method was a systematic literature review using the PRISMA method, and there were 8418 journals. After exclusion, 16 articles were found that met the research objectives. Based on the results, it was found that there was a relationship between BRAF V600E and thyroid cancer phenotypes such as female gender, older age at diagnosis, larger tumor size, histological subtypes, especially tall cell, higher nuclear score, capsule, extrathyroid, vascular, nerve invasion, lymph node metastasis, higher clinical stage, recurrence, and lower survival. However, there are other inconsistent studies regarding the association of BRAF V600E with these phenotype characteristics. BRAF V600E mutation significantly affects the phenotypic characteristics of thyroid cancer and is associated with several aggressive characteristics.

EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTHOCYANIN AS A HEPATOPROTECTOR: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Khairunnisa Rizqika Amanda Putri — 2025-01-20

Exposure to free radicals can cause hepatotoxicity in liver cells. Hepatoprotectors are needed to prevent free radicals. The flavonoid group anthocyanin compounds, which give many plants purple, blue, and red colors, have antioxidant activity as hepatoprotectors. This study uses a systematic literature review to review the effectiveness of various plants containing anthocyanins as hepatoprotectors. Articles were searched using Google Scholar, PubMed, and NCBI with keywords such as "Anthocyanin compounds and Hepatoprotective effects" that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results obtained from 7 review articles show that several plants contain anthocyanins, such as bilberry and blackberry, Rosella, purple cabbage, butterfly pea flower, Aronia melanocarpa Elliot (AMA), red cabbage, and radish. The mechanisms in plants containing anthocyanins as hepatoprotective include antioxidant activity, inhibition of cytochrome enzymes, inhibition of inflammation, protein expression, and modulation of the apoptotic signal pathway. This review concludes that plants containing anthocyanins are effective as natural hepatoprotectors with various mechanisms.

MODIFIED LOW-DOSE FORMALIN PRESERVATION: IN THE ANATOMICAL-SURGICAL DISSECTION & PROSECTED ANATOMICAL MODELS: A CASE REPORT

Fifi Veronica — 2025-01-20

The development of cadaver preservation has been fast-paced. The subtraction of formalin dose in embalming has been used since many negative factors were found in long-term usage. Preventing putrefaction progress on the cadavers, ensuring no risk of infection when in contact with a dead body, preventing hardening and retention of color tissue and organs, preventing desiccation, inhibit fungal or bacterial growth are the main goals of embalming for anatomical purposes. The new formula has been developed by using low-dose formalin, ethanol, phenol, and sodium chloride (Modified Low-Dose Formalin). This method can be used in practical anatomical-surgical dissection using either cadavers or anatomical models with low-cost maintenance.

ISCHEMIA-MODIFIED ALBUMIN (IMA) AS A BIOMARKER OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PREGNANCY

Arief Budiono — 2025-01-20

This study aims to determine IMA levels as a marker of oxidative stress that occurs in ectopic pregnancy and preeclampsia. The method of this study is screening using secondary data obtained from literature searches found in national and international journals, with the keywords 'Oxidative Stress' or 'IMA' and 'Pregnancy'. Articles are included in the inclusion criteria if they are published in national or international journals with topics in accordance with the research objectives in the period 2014 - 2024, full-text access, both in English and Indonesian. It was found that serum IMA levels were increased in preeclampsia and, In comparison to normal pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy. This literature study concludes that IMA can be a biomarker for pregnancy-related diseases, especially preeclampsia and ectopic pregnancy. Higher sensitivity and specificity results in preeclampsia compared to ectopic pregnancy, the IMA test is better used to identify preeclampsia compared to ectopic pregnancy.

MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER ASSOCIATED WITH DEVICE USAGE AT THE TEACHER PROFESSION

Indri Seta Septadina — 2025-01-20

. One of the most common diseases in workers is musculoskeletal disorders. where the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in teachers is around 39% to 95%. Most teachers experience chronic musculoskeletal disorders and subjective complaints, one of which is pain in the upper limbs. Some studies show the relationship between gadgets and user posture can cause discomfort and fatigue in the hands, elbows, and shoulders. This article discuss about the use of gadgets in an unergonomic position often results in musculoskeletal complaints. Static loading by holding handheld devices or gadgets for long periods, often with unergonomic postures and excessive use of muscles in the upper limbs, is likely to contribute to myofascial pain syndrome in the muscles of the hands and arms, resulting in pain in the upper limbs.

THE IMPACT OF RAD6 EXPRESSION ON CHEMORESISTANT OVARIAN CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Leo Vernadesly — 2025-01-20

Chemotherapy is one of the modalities for treating ovarian cancer (OC), which is one of the most common reproductive organ cancers in women worldwide. Overexpression of RAD6 has been identified as a significant factor in chemoresistance in ovarian cancer patients. This systematic review aims to evaluate the relationship between RAD6 overexpression and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. The databases used include PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, focusing on articles from the last 10 years. Out of 162 articles retrieved, only 4 met the selection criteria and were used in the analysis. The analysis results indicate that RAD6 overexpression is closely associated with increased resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, particularly platinum. The underlying mechanisms include enhanced DNA damage tolerance, increased proliferation, invasion, and the ability of cancer cells to develop stem-like phenotypes. These findings highlight RAD6 as a potential therapeutic target in preventing chemoresistance in OC. Further research is needed to develop specific RAD6 inhibitors that can be used in combination with conventional chemotherapy to improve treatment response and patient prognosis.

LEVEL ACADEMIC BURNOUT IN FINAL LEVEL STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE MUSLIM UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA

Andi Fauzan Ghassani Rivai — 2025-01-20

Education is a primary need for a nation. As students, individuals are expected to be creative and independent. Many students experience pressure due to academic demands. This can cause fatigue or burnout syndrome, which is a condition where a person experiences emotional exhaustion, a tendency to depersonalize, and feelings of helplessness. This phenomenon is known as academic burnout. When students are under constant pressure, this can lead to burnout which is characterized by exhaustion, frustration, cynicism towards others, and a sense of uselessness. This study aims to determine the level of academic burnout in final year students at the Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Muslim University. The design of this research is descriptive observational, where data collection is carried out over a certain period of time during the research. Research data was obtained from primary data using the School Burnout Inventory (SBI) questionnaire where the total sample for this study was 225 respondents. The results showed that 162 (72%) respondents experienced low levels of academic burnout, 35 (16%) experienced moderate levels of academic burnout, 27 (11%) did not experience academic burnout, and 1 (1%) respondent experienced high levels of academic burnout. Based on the research results, the personal inadequacy dimension has the highest average level compared to other dimensions.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING METFORMIN IN AGING RELATED DISEASES

Sakura Muhammad Tola — 2025-01-20

This review aimed to explore the anti-aging effects of metformin, which lowers glucose, slows down cell aging through regulating intracellular signaling molecules and activating AMPK, and protects against aging-related diseases. The activation of AMPK by Metformin allows it to control inflammatory conditions, improve oxidative status, regulate differentiation pathways of various cells, and ultimately provide positive therapeutic effects on these cells. Metformin plays a role in several cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, cancer, and fragile X syndrome by improving several parameters in some of these disease conditions. Metformin provides benefits in aging-related diseases, but further studies with various methods and samples are needed to assess the effectiveness and consider the side effects of metformin in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, as well as involving genetic factors associated with metformin.

THE QUALITY OF SLEEP IN BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS

Yunni Diansari — 2025-01-20

The Quality of Sleep in Brain Tumors Patients. Sleep quality is often compromised in patients with brain tumors. The underlying factors contributing to sleep quality disturbances in this patient population are multifaceted, and investigating these factors remains scarce. Sixty-eight patients with brain tumors, aged ≥ 18 years, were selected consecutively, and data was recorded in the form of sociodemographic characteristics (gender and age), clinical characteristics (clinical manifestations, tumor type, location, comorbid diseases) and therapy characteristics (management and types of drugs). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed bivariate with chi-square and multivariate with logistic regression. Around 45.6% experienced poor sleep quality. Age, gender, systemic malignancies, pain, type of primary brain tumor, tumor location, operation, radiotherapy, and steroid have a significant relationship with sleep quality in patients with brain tumors (p-value <0.05). Multivariate analysis shows that age is the factor that most strongly influences the sleep quality of patients with brain tumors. Age, gender, systemic malignancies, pain, type of primary brain tumor, tumor location, operative treatment, radiotherapy, and steroids influence the quality of sleep in patients with brain tumors, but age has the most decisive influence.

EFFECTIVENESS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PURPLE EGGPLANT SKIN AS AN ANTIMALARIAL ON LIVER SIZE IN MICE INDUCED WITH Plasmodium berghei

Nurul Fadhilah Taniyo — 2025-01-20

Malaria is caused by the protozoa Plasmodium through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito, with one of the symptoms being an enlarged liver. This study aims to test the effectiveness of ethanol extract of purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) skin on the liver size of mice (Mus musculus) induced by Plasmodium berghei. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 70% ethanol. Mice were divided into treatment groups (extract doses of 0.075 mg/20 gBW, 0.15 mg/20 gBW, and 0.3 mg/20 gBW), positive control (DHP 3.744 mg/20 gBW), negative control (aquades), and normal control. Observations included parasitemia levels as well as liver weight, volume, and index. The results showed that the extract dose affected the liver size of mice. There was no significant correlation between parasitemia and liver weight (p=0.073) and volume (p=0.133), but there was a significant correlation with liver index (p=0.002). This study recommends further studies on the potential of active compounds in purple eggplant as hepatoprotective and antimalarial agents.

POTENTIAL OF SAMBAS SIAM ORANGE (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) LEAVES ETANOL EXTRACT AGAINST Escherichia coli

Muhammad Syifa Irvandy — 2025-01-20

Escherichia coli has virulence factors and is able to avoid host defenses, and is resistant to antibiotics. Increasing resistance requires alternative therapies, including natural ingredients. The potential that comes from West Kalimantan is the Siamese orange (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa). All parts of this plant contain secondary metabolites that can be utilized, for example the leaves. The compounds contained in secondary metabolites have antibacterial properties. This study was to determine the antibacterial potential of the ethanol extract of Siamese orange leaves on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. Method The orange leaves were extracted using 70% ethanol then continued with phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity testing using the disc diffusion method. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that the ethanol extract of Siamese orange leaves contained phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and steroids. Antibacterial activity testing at all concentrations showed no inhibition zone. Conclusion The ethanol extract of Siamese orange leaves did not have antibacterial activity on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria.

STERILE ENDOPHTHALMITIS FOLLOWING CATARACT SURGERY IN THE LEFT EYE: A RARE CASE REPORT OF TOXIC ANTERIOR SEGMENT SYNDROME (TASS)

Caroline Costrila — 2025-01-20

Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) is a complicated condition following eye surgery. TASS is sterile and can occur due to non-infectious toxic substances with various etiologies. A 55-year-old man diagnosed with oculi sinistra toxic anterior segment syndrome, oculi dextra astigmatism composite myopia and oculi dextra et sinistra presbyopia with pseudophakia that occurred after cataract surgery with phacoemulsion technique and administration of ciprofloxacin eye drops. Ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic, can cause ocular toxicity by depositing on the cornea surface. The precipitation is closely related to the PH of the tear film

INTERLEUKIN-18 LEVELS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS RECEIVING ANTI-PSYCHOTIC THERAPY AT THE PSYCHIATRIC POLYCLINIC OF SITI RAHMAH ISLAMIC HOSPITAL

Dita Hasni — 2025-01-20

The use of antipsychotic therapy is effective in managing symptoms and has become a cornerstone in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. However, antipsychotics have side effects on the immune system, particularly affecting Interleukin 18 (IL-18) levels. Therefore, it is important to assess IL-18 levels in schizophrenic patients receiving antipsychotic therapy. Objective: To determine IL-18 levels in schizophrenic patients undergoing antipsychotic therapy and receiving outpatient care at the RSI Siti Rahmah Padang clinic. This descriptive study recruited 25 schizophrenic patients receiving antipsychotic therapy who voluntarily participated. IL-18 levels were measured using the ELISA method from patient serum. Results: In 25 schizophrenia patients who received antipsychotic therapy, IL 18 levels were obtained as much as 483.7 SD ± 27.3 ng/ml. The subjects were aged 36-45 years (60%), 88% were male, and 64% were using atypical antipsychotics. Schizophrenic patients receiving antipsychotic therapy at RSI Siti Rahmah Padang showed elevated IL-18 levels.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIGH GLYCEMIC INDEX DIET AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS

Adinda Adinda — 2025-01-20

Musculoskeletal disorders include acute and chronic conditions affecting the muscles, bones, joints, and supporting structures in the neck, back, and limbs, posing significant challenges across all age groups. Approximately 30% of cases occur in adolescents and individuals in their productive years, not just in the elderly. These disorders lead to substantial socioeconomic and health burdens. Previous research indicates that dietary patterns play a critical role in the onset and progression of these conditions. A persistent high-glycemic index (GI) diet is associated with systemic inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and musculoskeletal health. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of existing literature to summarize and identify the potential relationship between high-GI diets and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Articles were collected using search engines such as PubMed, Medscape, and ScienceDirect, focusing on publications from 2013 to 2024. The findings emphasize the importance of dietary interventions as modifiable risk factors for preventing and managing musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in at-risk populations. Further studies are needed to develop dietary strategies to reduce the global burden of musculoskeletal disorders effectively.