EFFECTIVENESS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PURPLE EGGPLANT SKIN AS AN ANTIMALARIAL ON LIVER SIZE IN MICE INDUCED WITH Plasmodium berghei
Main Article Content
Malaria is caused by the protozoa Plasmodium through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito, with one of the symptoms being an enlarged liver. This study aims to test the effectiveness of ethanol extract of purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) skin on the liver size of mice (Mus musculus) induced by Plasmodium berghei. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 70% ethanol. Mice were divided into treatment groups (extract doses of 0.075 mg/20 gBW, 0.15 mg/20 gBW, and 0.3 mg/20 gBW), positive control (DHP 3.744 mg/20 gBW), negative control (aquades), and normal control. Observations included parasitemia levels as well as liver weight, volume, and index. The results showed that the extract dose affected the liver size of mice. There was no significant correlation between parasitemia and liver weight (p=0.073) and volume (p=0.133), but there was a significant correlation with liver index (p=0.002). This study recommends further studies on the potential of active compounds in purple eggplant as hepatoprotective and antimalarial agents.
Keywords:
Eggplant
Liver size
Antimalarial
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2. Bello SO, Muhammad BY, Gammaniel KS, Abdu-Ayugel KS, Ahmed H, Njoku CH, Pindiga UH, Salker AM. Pharmacological properties of aqueous crude extract of solanum melongena. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science. 2005;1:1-9.
3. Chen Y, Li S, Sun Fan, Han H, Zhang X, et al. In vivo antimalarial activities of glycoalkaloids isolated from Solanaceae plants.Pharmaceutical Biology, 2010;48(9):1018–1024.
4. Darlina, Krisnanto Teja, Fauzan Ahmad. Respon hematopoitik yang diinfeksi dengan plasmodium berghei stadium eritrositik iradiasi gamma. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Nuklir Indonesia. 2012;13(2):85-86.
5. Direktorat Jendral Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit. Rencana aksi program tahun 2020-2024. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2022.
6. Fitriany J, Sabiq A. Malaria. Averrous. 2018;4(2).
7. Gardner MJ, Hall N, Fung E, White O, Berriman M, Hyman RW, et al. Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. Nature. 2002;419(6906):498-511.
8. Hamzah RU, Agboola AR, Busari MB, Omogu EH, Umar MB, Abubakar AN. Evaluation of hepatoprotection effect of methanol extract of Solanum melongena on carbon tetrachloride induced hepaotoxic rats. European Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2016.
9. Haris MF, Kahtan MI, Widyantoro A. Efektivitas ekstrak etanol kulit terung ungu (solanum melongena l.) sebagai antimalaria terhadap jumlah eosinofil pada mencit (mus musculus) yang diinduksi plasmodium berghei. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis. 2020;7(2):108-109.
10. Intan PR, Lestari TW, Sani Y. Studi histopatologi pasca pemberian ekstrak campuran kulit batang pulai (alstonia scholaris l. r. br) pada mencit terinfeksi plasmodium berghei. Jurnal Kedokteran Yarsi. 2017;25(1).16-17.
11. Kuntz B. and Kunz H.D. Hepatology texbook and atlas. 3rd Ed. Germany: Sping medizin verlag Heidelberg. 2008;16-77.
12. Masyitoh MD, Dewanti IDAR, Setyorini D. Analisis profil protein ekstrak aquades dan etanol daun mimba (azadirachta indica a. juss) dengan metode sds-page (protein profile analysis of aquadest and ethanol extract of neem leaves by means of sds-page method). E-Jurnal Pustaka Kesehatan. 2016;4(3).
13. Ogbadoyi EO and Tsado RD. Renal and hepatic dysfunction in malaria patients in minna, north central nigeria. Online J Health Allied Scs. 2009; 8(3).
14. Ogunji J, RUAS Toor, C Schulz, and W Kloas. Growth performance, nutrient utilization of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diets. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.2008:14-141.
15. Ostreikova TO, Kalinkina OV, Bogomolov NG, and Chernykh IV. Glycoalkaloids of plants in the family solenaceae (nightshade) as potential drugs. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal.2022;56(7).949-951.
16. Prommano O, Chaisri U, Turner GD, Wilairatana P, Ferguson DJ, Viriyavejakul P, White NJ, Pongponratn E. A quantitative ultrastructural study of the liver and the spleen in fatal falciparum malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005;36(6):1359-70.
17. Sariyanto I. Aktivitas sgot dan sgpt pada penderita malaria falciparum dan malaria vivax di puskesmas hanura kecamatan teluk pandan kabupaten pesawaran. Jurnal Analis Kesehatan. 2018.
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19. Sudoyo AW, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, Simadibrata, Setiati S, Syam AF, editors. Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam. 6th ed. Jakarta: Interna Publishing. 2014: 595-610.
20. Tjitra Emiliana. M Maladi. Hasugiah R Armedy. Efficacy and safety of artemisinin-naphthoquine versus dihydroatemisinin-piperaquine in adult patients with uncomplicated malaria: a multi centre in indonesia. Malaria Journal. 2012:153-153.
21. Triyono A. Mempelajari pengaruh penambahan beberapa asam pada proses isolasi protein terhadap tepung protein isolat kacang hijau (phaseolus radiatus L.). Balai Besar Pengembangan Teknologi Tepat Guna - LIPI .2010.
22. World Health Organization (WHO). World malaria report 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019.
23. World Health Organization. Artemisinin resistance and artemisinin-based combination therapy efficacy. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2018.
24. Zaki M. Parasite platelet interctions. PUJ. 2011;4(2):127–136.
25. Zohra AF, Anwar S, Fitri A, Nasution MH. Klasifikasi wilayah provinsi aceh berdasarkan tingkat kerentanan kasus malaria tahun 2015 – 2018 tingkat kerentanan kasus malaria tahun 2015 – 2018. Kesehatan Lingkung Indonesia. 2019;18(1):1–10.
