A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF HEMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON DIABETES AND COVID-19 SEVERITY
Main Article Content
This study investigates the relationship between diabetes comorbidity and COVID-19 severity in Muhammadiyah Palembang Hospital, focusing on hematological parameters as potential predictors of disease progression. Utilizing a case-control design with 61 respondents, demographic data, COVID-19 severity classifications, and hematological profiles were analyzed. Results reveal a prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus among COVID-19 patients at 32.8%, with diabetic individuals experiencing higher rates of moderate clinical complications. Hematological analysis demonstrates variations in parameters such as hemoglobin levels, platelet counts, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio between diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 patients. These findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions for diabetic individuals infected with COVID-19 and highlight the potential of hematological parameters in predicting disease severity. The study suggests the need for larger-scale, multicenter research to validate findings and inform evidence-based clinical practice in managing COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus.
Keywords:
Design Retrospective
High Glucose
Morbidity Mortality
Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio
Pandemic SARS-CoV-2
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2. Albreht, T. Challenges to Global Health Emerging from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability 15, 7633 (2023).
3. Atwah, B. A. Y. et al. Susceptibility of Diabetic Patients to COVID-19 Infections: Clinico-Hematological and Complications Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 11, 561 (2023).
4. Aulia, S. D., Djannatun, T. & Arifandi, F. Correlation between Lymphocyte Level and Mortality Rate of Covid-19 Patients in Ummi Bogor Hospital and Its Review according to Islamic View. Junior Medical Journal 1, 114–121 (2022).
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6. Cariou, B. et al. Impact of diabetes on COVID-19 prognosis beyond comorbidity burden: the CORONADO initiative. Diabetologia 65, 1436–1449 (2022).
7. Embaby, A. M. et al. Clinical utility of haematological inflammatory biomarkers in predicting 30‐day mortality in hospitalised adult patients with COVID‐19. Br J Haematol 200, 708–716 (2022).
8. Floyd, J. S. et al. Association Between Diabetes Severity and Risks of COVID-19 Infection and Outcomes. J Gen Intern Med 38, 1484–1492 (2023).
9. Fukushima, T. et al. Clinical significance of prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes and diagnosed diabetes on critical outcomes in COVID‐19: Integrative analysis from the Japan COVID‐19 task force. Diabetes Obes Metab 25, 144–155 (2022).
10. Garini, A. Perbandingan Hasil Hitung Jumlah Trombosit secara Otomatik pada Darah yang Ditambahkan Antikoagulan NA2EDTA 10% dengan K2EDTA VACUTAINER. JPP (Jurnal Kesehatan Poltekkes Palembang) 1, 75–78 (2012).
11. Hamaway, S., Nwokoma, U. N., Goldberg, M. E., Salifu, M. O. & Boursiquot, R. Impact of diabetes on COVID-19 patient health outcomes in a vulnerable racial minority community. PLoS One 18, (2023).
12. Kala, M. et al. A Cross-Sectional Comparative Characterization of Hematological Changes in Patients with COVID-19 Infection, Non-COVID Influenza-like Illnesses and Healthy Controls. Viruses 15, 134 (2022).
13. Kania, M. et al. Diabetes as a risk factor of death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients – an analysis of a National Hospitalization Database from Poland, 2020. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 14, (2023).
14. Kusumawati, M. et al. The effect of diabetes mellitus on COVID-19 mortality among patients in a tertiary-level hospital in Bandung, Indonesia. PLoS One 18, e0286797–e0286797 (2023).
15. Li, R. et al. Global Diabetes Prevalence in COVID-19 Patients and Contribution to COVID-19– Related Severity and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 46, 890–897 (2023).
16. Liu, J. et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts critical illness patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in the early stage. J Transl Med 18, 1–12 (2020).
17. Moisă, E., Dutu, M., Corneci, D., Grintescu, I. & Negoita, S. Hematological Parameters and Procalcitonin as Discriminants between Bacterial Pneumonia-Induced Sepsis and Viral Sepsis Secondary to COVID-19: A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 24, 5146 (2023).
18. Novida, H. et al. Factors associated with disease severity of COVID-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Rep 18, (2022).
19. Pelle, M. C., Zaffina, I., Provenzano, M., Moirano, G. & Arturi, F. COVID-19 and diabetes—Two giants colliding: From pathophysiology to management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13, (2022).
20. Prasthio, R., Yohannes, Y. & Devella, S. Penggunaan fitur HOG dan HSV untuk klasifikasi citra sel darah putih. Jurnal Algoritme 2, 120–132 (2022).
21. Rahmawati, C., Aini, A. & Ramadanti, R. Pengaruh Dosis Antikoagulan EDTA 10% dan Natrium Sitrat 3, 8% Pada Pemeriksaan Laju Endap Darah. Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmiah Kesehatan Politeknik Medica Farma Husada Mataram 5, 79–85 (2019).
22. Roham, P. H. & Sharma, S. Dissecting the Interrelationship between COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus. Adv Biol e2300107–e2300107 (2023) doi:10.1002/adbi.202300107.
23. Russell, C. D., Lone, N. I. & Baillie, J. K. Comorbidities, multimorbidity and COVID-19. Nat Med 29, 334–343 (2023).
24. Schlesinger, S. et al. Risk phenotypes of diabetes and association with COVID-19 severity and death: an update of a living systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 66, 1–18 (2023).
25. World Health Organization. COVID-19 Clinical Management: Living Guidance, 25 January 2021. (2021).
26. World Health Organization. Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis off Anaemia and Assessment of Severity. (2011).
27. Yonekawa, A. & Shimono, N. Clinical Significance of COVID-19 and Diabetes: In the Pandemic Situation of SARS-CoV-2 Variants including Omicron (B.1.1.529). Biology (Basel) 11, 400 (2022).
28. Zhang, J., Zhang, J. & Tao, Z. Effect of Comorbid Diabetes on Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients Infected by the Wild-Type or Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13, (2022).
29. Zhao, T. et al. When type II diabetes mellitus meets COVID‐19—Identification of the shared gene signatures and biological mechanism between the two diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 53, (2023).
