EFFECT of ADMINISTRATION of BAY LEAF EXTRACT (Eugenia polyantha) ON TOTAL CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDE LEVEL S IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AT IMAN CLINIC MEDAN

Main Article Content

Frisca Indriani Putri
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Shahrul Rahman
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Cholesterol is a fat component that stabilizes cell membranes and is a precursor of bile salts and steroid hormones. The HMG-CoA reductase enzyme has an important role in the cholesterol synthesis process. Triglycerides are the primary fats found in food that undergo emulsification in the small intestine by bile salts and are digested by lipase. The flavonoids in bay leaves will react with the hydroxyl groups in cholesterol. Saponins will increase the binding of cholesterol to fiber. Tannins can inhibit fat absorption in the intestine. This study examined the effect of administering bay leaf extract (Eugenia polyantha) on total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with hypertension and Diabetes mellitus type 2 in Clinic Iman Medan. This research is a Quasi-experimental design using 32 samples consisting of 16 samples from the control group and 16 from the experimental group. This study used bay leaf extract in 200 mg bay leaf capsules with 3 doses given to each group. Based on the results of the hypothesis test using the Paired T-test and Wilcoxon test, giving bay leaf extract had no effect on total cholesterol and triglyceride levels with a P-value < 0.05. There was no effect of giving bay leaf extract (Eugenia polyantha) on total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with hypertension and DM type 2

Keywords: Bay leaves Diabetes Mellitus type 2 Hypertension Total Cholesterol Trigylicerides
Agung LR. Pengaruh daun salam (syzygium polyanthum) terhadap kadar trigliserida dan kolesterol total darah pada penderita dislipidemia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada. 2021;10(2):408–12.
2. Mohamed-Yassin MS, Baharudin N, Abdul-Razak S, Ramli AS, Lai NM. Global prevalence of dyslipidaemia in adult populations: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open. 2021;11(12):e049662.
3. Ahmed Naseem M, Hussain Z, Thu HE, Khan S, Sohail M, Sarfraz RM, et al. Nanotechnology-mediated developments for improving physicochemical properties and wound healing efficacy of curcumin: a review. International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials. 2024;1–20.
4. RISKESDAS. Health Research and Development Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Main Results of Riskesdas 2018; 2018. In 2018.
5. RISKESDAS. Health Research and Development Agency of the Ministry of Health of North Sumatra Province Riskesdas 2018. In 2019.
6. Wirawan W. Test the Effectiveness of the Bay Leaf Fraction on Total Cholesterol Levels of Rats. 2018;4(1):74–82.
7. Putra AP, Simanjuntak P, Suwarno T. PENGARUH METODA EKSTRAKSI SIMPLISIA MULTI HERBAL DAN MULTI EKSTRAK DAUN SUKUN, SELEDRI DAN DAUN SALAM TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIKOLESTEROL SECARA IN-VITRO. Medika Tadulako: Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan. 2019;6(2):78–87.
8. Ramadhon A SISA. Bay Leaves (Syzygium Polyanthum) as Reducing Blood Cholesterol Levels. Medula. 2021;10(4):618–22.
9. Cita EE, Dewi N. Konsumsi Daun Salam Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II (DM Tipe II). Jurnal Kesehatan Madani Medika (JKMM). 2021;12(2):179–86.
10. Tweet VD. Description of the Benefits of the Prolanis Club on Lipid Profile Levels of the Public Health Science Study Program. Jumantik. 2021;6(2):116–23.
11. Tika TT. Pengaruh pemberian daun salam (syzygium polyanthum) pada penyakit hipertensi: sebuah studi literatur. Jurnal medika hutama. 2021;3(01 Oktober):1260–5.
12. Sudarmika KA, Putu Oky Ari Tania. Bay Leaf Extract as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for LDL Reduction in Hypercholesterolemia: A Dose-Response Study. Eureka Herba Indonesia. 2024 Aug 23;5(3):503–13.
13. Yensasnidar Y, Marlinda M. Efektivitas Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Salam (Eugenia Polianta) Dibandingkan Obat Statin dalam Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol Total pada Penderta Hiperkolesterol Diwilayah Kerja Uptd Puskesmas Kerinci Kanan. JURNAL KESEHATAN PERINTIS (Perintis’s Health Journal). 2018;5(1):1–8.
14. Marks DB MASC. Metabolism of cholesterol and blood lipoproteins. In: Basic Medical Biochemistry. Jakarta: EGC; 2013. p. 513–23.
15. Rahman S. Ramadan Fasting and its Health Benefits: What’s New? Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022;10:1329–42.
16. Anggrek AM MIRM et al. Efficacy of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) in Regulating Lipid Profile in Dyslipidemia Model Rats: A Systematic Review . Current Internal Medicine Research And Practice Surabaya Journal. 2024;5(1):31–6.
17. Xia S, Du X, Guo L, Du J, Arnott C, Lam CSP, et al. Sex differences in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in China. Circulation. 2020;141(7):530–9.
18. Gao Z, Chen Z, Sun A, Deng X. Gender differences in cardiovascular disease. Med Nov Technol Devices. 2019;4:100025.
19. Xu Z, McClure ST, Appel LJ. Dietary cholesterol intake and sources among US adults: results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2001–2014. Nutrients. 2018;10(6):771.
20. Connelly PJ, Azizi Z, Alipour P, Delles C, Pilote L, Raparelli V. The importance of gender to understand sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2021;37(5):699–710.